The built environment plays a key role in shaping children’s opportunities to be physically active; however, few studies have integrated objective and parent-perceived built environment measures to derive data-driven neighbourhood typologies and examine longitudinal associations with device-measured movement behaviours across developmental stages.
Longitudinal associations between movement behaviours and neighbourhood typologies across early to middle childhood were examined using data from the PLAYCE (Play Spaces and Environments for Children’s Physical Activity) cohort (n=569; aged 2-10 years). Movement behaviours were measured using accelerometers and classified using a machine-learning model. Six neighbourhood physical environment profiles identified in a previous study using latent profile analysis were applied.
Across all profiles, most movement behaviours showed non-linear age trajectories except for walking. Differences between physical environment profiles were consistent across ages and sexes. Children living in ‘semi-rural’ neighbourhoods accumulated more walking time than those in other profiles, and more total daily physical activity and light-intensity play than all profiles except those characterised by higher access to blue space. Profiles characterised by higher residential density, greater traffic exposure, and limited private yard space were associated with lower levels of energetic play and walking, despite relatively good access to public transport and destinations.
Neighbourhoods offering access to private outdoor space, natural environments, and lower traffic exposure appear to support physical activity across early to middle childhood. Urban planning and housing policies should prioritise child-friendly design features, such as access to play space, nature, and low traffic exposure, to promote opportunities for physical activity from early life.